Written by

Tara Farmer

March 13, 2025

Edited by

Jennifer Carlson

Fact-checked by

Kristen Cramer

Foods dogs can eat

While commercial dog food provides balanced nutrition, many dog owners wonder which human foods are safe to share with their furry friends as occasional treats or meal supplements. In this guide, we'll explore which human foods dogs can eat, which ones they should avoid, and how to introduce new foods to your pet's diet responsibly.

Remember every dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another, so always consult your veterinarian before making significant changes to your dog's diet.

Fruits

Safe fruits for dogs, when prepared and served properly, can provide valuable vitamins, minerals, and fiber for your canine companion. The table below details what fruits dogs can eat, along with their benefits and any necessary prep or precautions:

Vegetables

Dog-friendly vegetables can be tasty, low-calorie snacks that provide essential nutrients and support your pup's overall health. See the table below for a snapshot of what vegetables dogs can eat:

Nuts

Many vets recommend avoiding all nuts due to their high fat content and the potential choking hazard they pose. However, it's still helpful to know which nuts are considered safe for dogs, so you know whether you need to take swift action if they accidentally eat one.

Use the table below as a guideline, and if you're ever unsure, contact your vet.

Meat, fish, & eggs

Proteins are vital in a canine diet, as dogs are built to efficiently process animal-based nutrients. Meats like chicken, turkey, pork, and beef should always be lean, skinless, boneless, unseasoned, and cooked thoroughly.

Fish like salmon and tuna deliver omega-3 fatty acids that benefit skin and coat, provided they’re cooked and deboned to avoid choking hazards and parasites.

Fully cooked eggs offer essential amino acids without the salmonella risk inherent in raw eggs, making them a safe, protein-packed dietary addition for your dog.

What other human foods can dogs eat?

Bread, rice, and other carbohydrates

Contrary to some popular beliefs, many dogs can digest grains effectively and benefit from their nutritional content.

• Dogs can eat rice: Plain cooked rice, especially white rice, is easily digestible and often recommended for dogs with upset stomachs. Brown rice offers more nutritional value but is slightly harder to digest.

• Dogs can eat oatmeal: Plain oatmeal provides soluble fiber and can be beneficial for elderly dogs with bowel irregularity issues. Always serve cooked and without added sugar or flavors.

• Dogs can eat pasta: Whole wheat pasta, when cooked and plain, can be an occasional treat for dogs without wheat allergies. It provides energy through complex carbohydrates.

• Dogs can eat quinoa: This is a complete protein containing all nine essential amino acids. It's less commonly used in dog treats but is safe when cooked thoroughly.

• Dogs can eat popcorn: In small quantities, plain, air-popped popcorn is safe for dogs. Avoid salted or buttered varieties.

Dairy in moderation

Dog owners can offer some dairy products to dogs without lactose intolerance, though moderation is key. They can eat the following dairy products in small amounts:

• Dogs can eat plain yogurt (without xylitol): Yogurt contains probiotics that can support digestive health. Greek yogurt is particularly good due to its higher protein content and lower lactose levels. Beware of yogurt containing xylitol or other artificial sweeteners, which are toxic to dogs.

• Some cheese is safe for dogs: Hard cheeses like cheddar contain less lactose than soft cheeses and can be offered in small amounts as high-value training treats.

• Dogs can eat cottage cheese: Cottage cheese is low in lactose and can be a good protein source if your dog tolerates dairy. It's relatively bland, making it suitable for dogs with sensitive stomachs.

Foods dogs should never eat

Many human foods are poisonous for dogs. The following foods should never be given to dogs under any circumstances due to their highly toxic properties:

• Chocolate is not safe for dogs: Chocolate contains theobromine and caffeine, which dogs cannot metabolize effectively. Dark and baking chocolate are most dangerous due to their higher concentrations of these compounds.

• Grapes and raisins are highly toxic to dogs: Grapes and their dried form, raisins, can cause kidney failure in dogs, even in small amounts. The toxic substance in these fruits hasn't been identified, but the danger is well-documented.

• Onions, garlic, and chives are not safe for dogs: These foods contain compounds that can damage dogs' red blood cells, potentially leading to anemia. This applies to all forms: raw, cooked, powdered, or within other foods.

• Xylitol is toxic to dogs: Xylitol, a sugar substitute found in many sugar-free products, can cause insulin release in dogs, potentially resulting in liver failure. Check ingredient lists of peanut butter and other products that might contain this deadly sweetener.

• Alcohol is not safe for dogs: Alcohol can cause the same damage to a dog's liver and brain as it can to humans, but it takes far less to do harm. Even small amounts can lead to alcohol poisoning.

This list is not exhaustive. Check out our more detailed guide about other foods your dog should not eat, and talk to your veterinarian.

FAQs about food safety for dogs

Can dogs drink milk?

Many adult dogs are lactose intolerant, meaning they lack sufficient enzymes to digest lactose properly. While small amounts of milk might not harm some dogs, others may experience digestive upset including gas, diarrhea, and vomiting. Lactose-free alternatives are safer options.

Can dogs eat cat food?

Cat food is not recommended for dogs. While an occasional bite won't likely cause harm, cat food has higher levels of protein and fat than dogs need. Long-term consumption can lead to obesity and digestive issues in dogs.

Is food coloring safe for dogs?

The safety of food coloring for dogs is not certain. Some studies link artificial food colorings to hyperactivity and allergic reactions in some pets. Natural food colorings, like beet juice or turmeric, are generally considered safer alternatives. Still, it's best to avoid unnecessary additives in your dog's diet whenever possible.

What Thanksgiving foods are safe for dogs?

Some Thanksgiving foods can be safe for dogs in moderation. Plain cooked turkey (boneless and skinless), sweet potatoes (plain, without added sugar or spices), and plain pumpkin puree are usually safe.

Avoid feeding your dog stuffing, gravy, onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, or anything containing xylitol, as these can be toxic or harmful. Always ensure the food is free of bones and excessive fats or seasonings.

Introducing new foods to your dog's diet

When adding human foods to your dog's diet, it's essential to do so gradually and carefully to avoid digestive upset or identifying potential allergies.

• Start with small amounts of any new food to see how your dog responds. A teaspoon for small dogs or a tablespoon for larger breeds is sufficient for initial testing.

• Watch for adverse reactions such as vomiting, diarrhea, excessive gas, or changes in behavior. If you notice any of these symptoms, discontinue the food immediately.

• Maintain proper proportions when incorporating human foods. Treats and supplements should not exceed 10% of your dog's daily caloric intake to maintain nutritional balance.

Special dietary considerations

Dogs with specific health conditions may have additional dietary restrictions or requirements. Always consult with your veterinarian before changing the diet of a dog with:

• Diabetes

• Kidney disease

• Liver issues

• Pancreatitis

• Food allergies

• Obesity